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Typical Web Site Design
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Initial Web Site Design Project Only a good understanding of computer basics and the Windows operating system. Do you understand these basics" Click Here" and then decide. If you truly understand the basics, the site designing software programs listed below will be relatively easy to understand. With out the basic knowledge, they will be very difficult or impossible to learn. "User friendly" only comes after this basic knowledge is achieved.
All the suggested software is either freeware or shareware. |
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Getting Started With HTML Design This lesson relies as much as possible on freeware and shareware. The HTML editor Arachnophilia is a rare "careware". Although more difficult and time consuming, learning HTML from scratch will later be a great advantage. Using the "What You See Is What You Get" (WYSIWYG) editors will no doubt at first seem much easier. However if you plan on developing a professional expertise there are many fine points that can not be achieved unless you understand the raw HTML code. Arachnophilia teaches you raw code in the respect that the raw code is always visible, with no WYSIWYG. Yet at the same time Arachnophia provides for code insertion from interactive menus.
The most popular WYSIWYG HTML editors:
When you really become proficient you will use many software programs for their individual qualities. Most are better at certain functions than others.
Copying and pasting the image line to a new location, even a different page, making only needed changes, as suggested for the upper "My Web Site" image (mysite.gif) eliminates much repetitive work. The same procedure can also be used for any URL link line, or any text you care to duplicate.
Need an E-Mail link? Copy this one:
Some very common HTML tags . . . the < B > is bold, the < /B > no bold, use I instead of B for italic, or use both for bold italic. The < Br > stops a sentence and keeps it alone on one line. The < P > is a paragraph break, all < containers > must have no spaces. Spaces here disable the tags for HTML, but make them visible for this viewing.
Configuring a Clickable URL Link (Text) Line
URL Stands for "Uniform Resource Locater"
And two very commonly used HTML tags, one for the "clickable URL link" text line, and one for placing graphic images (.gif and .jpg files).
First the clickable URL link text line . . . the tag:
And the image line:
Or more properly with the image sizing tags, border tag, and the "alt" line.
< IMG SRC="anyimage.gif" Alt="any description you want" WIDTH="78" HEIGHT="81" Border="0" >
IMG stands for image, SRC stands for source - Alt= is the mouse "pass over" name, and the border set to "0" improves appearance. The correctly set sizing tags speed up loading.
The image can be the clickable URL link, with no text name . . .
< A HREF="http://www.anywhere.com" >
Remember that Internet image types are rarely any type except: .gif (Graphics Interchange Format) by Compuserve or .jpg, short for .jpeg (Joint Photographic Experts Group).
The major differences between the two . . . the .gif file is a fixed compression (unchangeable) file size. It is also the type that must be used to create animated images (with special software such as Gifcon).
The .jpg file may use adjustable compression, the tighter the compression the smaller the file size. But also, the smaller the file size, the more quality degradation. But you can usually compress 30/40 percent with good results. PaintShop Pro has this compression ability.
Although the .gif file is usually considered a "fixed" file size, there is software that will make it smaller. This is accomplished by reducing the colors. Depending upon the image quality, number of colors, and the necessary final quality the .gif file size can be reduced in this manner. An example of such software is the GIF/JPG Optimizer, by Ulead.
Image file size is critical as related to Internet page loading speed. The more graphics, and the larger the graphic file sizes, the slower the page loads.
A final word about graphic design, very high quality and professional style images can be created or modified, with the various shareware programs downloadable from this page. And Windows Paint is a good place to start, first creating .bmp files and then using PaintShop Pro to convert them to .gif or .jpg images. You also can download .gif and .jpg files from the Internet, convert them to .bmp with PaintShop Pro, modify them in Paint and then back to .gif and .jpg with PaintShop Pro.
These and most other HTML tags can be created by using Arachnophilia's automatic function menus. Just "select" your chosen area, character, word, sentence, etc., and use Arachnophilia's menus.
All HTML pages have the same basic initial design. . . example:
< HTML >
Arachnophilia will auto create a new page with three mouse clicks from the upper left "File" menu. It will place all tags as in this example. Note there are several other Meta (hidden for Search engines) tags that are desirable. Find them lower on this page.
Also note that all HTML pages begin with the < HTML > tag and ends with
Like most computer functions, there is more than one way to design HTML tables. What are "tables" used for? Tables create the "column" effect. Use them for arranging text or pictures in neat rows. The limit in screen width is only determined by the width of each table column. And the width of each table column is determined by it's sizing paramaters or by it's contents. The only limit for rows, or top to bottom sizing, resulting in "file size", is your computer's drive storage space. Two table examples below . . . the first is created by Aracnophilia's upper "Commands", "Tables", and "TableWiz" menu. These tables have no sizing parameters, thus are sized by content.
And with "text" content, using only the overall width setting (75%)
The actual HTML tags, are as displayed here. (Remember no spaces inside the containers(<>)
And the HTML Tags . . .
Note the border width is 5, the background color (Bg color) is #ffff00, the code for yellow, and the individual tables are set to "100" (pixels) wide. You can also see the URL link (A HREF="reserved.htm") line, the link name (Clickable Link) , and the
Remember that the slightest tag error will cause a malfunction, such as omitting or misplacing an =, or a ", but most errors will be very obvious when checking your saved work with your Internet browser. An error that is not so obvious, two < Center > in a row, with out matching < /Center >, or visa versa. This error makes it impossible to center or uncenter the following text or graphic images.
"Right Click"to download leftmenu.htm "Right Click"to download main.htm After "right" clicking, "left" click on Save Link As... Although you will probably use Arachnophilia all most exclusively, using Wordpad is a way to compile web pages with no out side software. If you download your images from the Internet and compile with Wordpad, very nice results can be achieved with no out side software at all. Your desires and abilities will of course advance, but there is never a need to fight any of the many software programs, HTML editors or image editors, that are simply not well designed and offer only continued difficulties. A "tip", use your Internet browser to review your editing changes. You will have a folder on your computer for storing these site files. Navigate to it, clicking on the desired file. Use the "Task Bar" icons for switching between the browser and Arachnophilia, clicking the browser Reload after each editing change.
Free "Careware", Java Arachnophilia, get it here
And Pkzip does now make Pkzip for Windows
You can design nice images using Windows Paint, saving them as file type (.bmp) They must be file type (.gif) or (.jpg) for Internet use. Convert them with PaintShop Pro, shareware from: PaintShop Pro also has many other valuable uses. You can also achieve your file conversion with other software, such as Corel Photo Paint, or one of the Adobe products. Actually Windows 98 (not 95) will handle .gif and .jpg files, but PaintShop Pro gives you more options. If you are familiar with the Internet browser functions, you can download .gif and .jpg images by the millions, free, from the Internet. Occasionally you will see "Private" or "Copyright" notices. These should be at least handled with professional courtesy. With Netscape Communicator, "right" click on any image and select "Save Image As" (choose the folder it is to be saved into before clicking on "Save") Microsoft Internet Explorer is similar but refers to "Picture". The software needed to upload to the Internet. It is easily configured, needing only a main folder with your site name as the contents. You can "Add Site", "Edit Site", or "Delete Site". When adding a new site as you will do, the configuration is simple, requiring only a "Site Label" (anything), "Host Address" such as ctaz.com a "User ID" such as your ctaz.com user name, and the user's "Password", all in the left side window pane. An important option, click on the "Advanced" button. Internet file names are case sensitive. Upper or Lower case doesn't really matter, but uniformity is a must. Uniformity meaning the HTML page line listing an image or any file name, must be the same case as the actual image or file name. The case difference in a single character of a file name will produce a "Cant' find" message, or for an image name will produce the "Question Mark" meaning "Can't find". By clicking the "Advanced" button you will have the option of forcing all one type case. You will find both upper and lower case on the Internet, but "lower case" is much more common. The best way to avoid a lot of extra work is to make all HTML link lines "lower case", and check the Advanced Option of "Force Lowercase". In the right side window pane, only two lines you need make entries in, "Initial Remote Directory" which for ctaz.com is www and "Initial Local Directory", which is the compete path to the files on your computer. If the files are on your C:\drive and the folder is named MPCUG, the path is simply C:\mpcug . . . note the slashes used in Cuteftp are ( back slashes \ ) not ( forward slashes / ), to the contrary of most other Internet use such as URL lines which do use the ( forward slash / ).
When finished click the lower "OK". If you must return to make changes or corrections, first click the upper left "FTP" button, then "Site Manger", , selecting the "Site Name"in the "right" pane, and finally using the "Edit" button to make any necessary corrections. With this configuration completed just click on "Connect", bringing up a connection menu requiring you to click on "OK". When loading is completed your local files will appear in the right window pane, and the Internet files, such as on the ctaz.com server will appear in the left window pane. THe Internet server left side will of course be empty until you upload some files into it. Uploading the files, the easiest part, in the "left" pane, select a file with the "left" mouse button, then "right" click for a context menu and click on "Upload". Or simply "double left click" the file and it will upload. And you can hold down the left button on a file and drag it into the right pane. You may download with Cuteftp from the Internet to the folder in your computer by applying these same procedures from the "right window pane". You may also "group select" and upload or download all files in one operation. Find these options by clicking the upper "Directroy" button. Select just a few adjacent files for uploading or downloading by "left" clicking the first file, hold down the "Shift" key, and use the keyboard "Down Arrow" selecting as desired. When finished selecting, click the upper "Commands" button for uploading or downloading. "Right" clicking either side window pane produces the context menu, offering many other options, such as "Make New Directory", "Rename", and "Delete". Keep in mind that in uploading or downloading, you can overwrite any existing files with the same name. This is not a problem if it is planned, but can cause a lot of extra work if unplanned. The "Advanced" button also offers options for issuing a warning before overwriting.
CuteFTP Free Trial Download
With very little additional effort you can achieve trully professional results. Check out the following four software programs. They all are also available for free trial download. And like the three mentioned above, all are priced very reasonably should you decide to register them. Registration and payment in all cases is totally at your discretion.
GifCon is the first and still the best software around for creating animated images (animated .gif files). Designed and continuously improved with new versions free to registered users.
Near their page bottom
Professional Results - No Experience Necessary Free Trial Downloads - Amazingly Low Price to Register Three Separate Programs, Choose One or All
Logos and signs, spinning, rolling, or still. Xara3D is a ‘slimware’ program as opposed to the increasingly complex 'bloatware' that is released from the major software developers nowadays. This does not mean that Xara3D is low quality or produces inferior results compared to more complex 3D programs; on the contrary, it produces better output, and faster than just about anything else.
Xara Webster is a graphics tool for Windows and Windows NT 4 designed to help you create high quality Internet graphics. Typically you'll do this by taking clipart that we provide in the Clipart Gallery, dragging it onto the page, then manipulating it in whatever way you want (such as changing its color, size, adding your own text, etc.), and finally outputting the image as an anti-aliased GIF or JPEG bitmap.
Headings, 3D Headings, Backgrounds, Buttons, Bullets, and Dividers. You can't imagine the ease of use and the professional results, specially the headings and buttons, with out trying WebStyle.
Download one or all three for free trial, from this one access page.
For optimizing .gif and .jpg files.
Also there are many much more advanced web site design options than we have covered here. One such option swiftly growing in popularity is the use of Java Scripts. Different Java Scripts are used for many different purposes, offering many magical effects, such as buttons that change color or text when "touched" with the mouse cursor, and randomly playing a variety of background music. The actual script compilation is a field of it's own, requiring much expertise.
But like ready made still and animated images, ready made Java Scripts are becoming readily available for Internet download. Often they are supplied free of charge and include instructions for use. Searching the Internet will provide a host of possibilities. You can get an idea and download some samples at either of these sites:
Dynamic HTML/Stylesheets
Also free, just register, then create and submit a specified banner image. Your "clickable" banner will be randomly placed on other sites around the world, as will other site banners be placed on your web site. Current requirements for LinkExchange banners are physical size, 468 x 60 pixels and file size 10K or smaller.
If you want your web site easily found on the major search engines. Search engines number over 1000 and growing. But only about 12 serve about 90% of the world.
Google - EXCITE - HotBot - Yahoo! You must personally submit the necessary information to each search engine. Most will only accept your main URL address such as http://www.mysite.com/ . . . and will take from a few days to several weeks to index your site into their system. Most better search engines are now going to a fee listing system. They vary in price.. For example Alta Vista's "Submit a Site, offers both a paid Express listing fee or a free Basic listing. Yahoo .com is a search engine that lists by directory. You must seek out the correct directory type for your web site, then click the "Suggest a site" link located at page bottom. In most cases the only listing available is a fee listing ($299.00 recurring annual fee), some directories offer both a fee listing and a free listing. To list your site, go to a given search engine and look for the listing link. It's location and title will vary on the different engines. There are listing service companies that will list your site to numerous search engines for a fee ranging from about $25.00 and up, and guarantee results. One such company is:
There are also listing service companies that will do the listing for you free, but their quality and availability varies. More about search engine listings . . . what was just written about search engines is becoming less true by the day. This is because of website competition, multi-millions of sites. Currently google.com is by far the most popular and effective search engine. Listing with search engines is now very complex and good rankings are difficult to come by. A major requirement is correct meta tags, you can auto write meta tags here. It is important that the hidden meta tags literally agree with the webpage real content. One or two sentence Title, short paragraph of text for the Description, and Keywords extracted from content of the title, description and general page text. Another important function is an auto updating sitemap, available from BetterMedia Internet services from around $50.00. Your site must be cgi enabled to use the sitemap function. The sitemap ties all pages on the website together making it easy for search engine robots to follow and index them. The final act for search engine listing is the submission. Companies such as verica.com do a fair job however they and most other submission companies don't actually optimize your site and follow up on rankings except for a substantial charge, often thousands of dollars per year. BetterMedia Internet Services offers complete listing services for $100/$200 per year. What you should realize is listing with the search engines is not difficult, but being effective is. The trick to being found by the search engines, and there are many, is not simply whether you are listed or not. It is determined by the layout and content of any given web site page. First you must plan the information that is placed in hidden Meta tags. All Meta tags as well as all HTML tags must be enclosed by "containers" the left and right arrow points < container > (Greater than and Lesser than symbols). The standard Meta tags found by editing a page (or clicking the browser "View" menu, then "Page source") are: note the spaces within the containers, which makes them visible here, properly written there are no spaces and they are invisible except to the search engines.
< TITLE >Basic Web Site Design< /TITLE > The information in the meta title will be the text on the search engine link line. The meta "Description" will be the search engines site description. Both these lines are actually limited to just a few words. Short and to the point is best. The next meta tag, "Keywords", what ever you think a user will type in for search criteria, not really limited, separate keywords with a comma. The last four meta tags are of lesser importance. The most important, the Title and Description. In general . . . different search engines place more value in some tags than others. All search engines pretty much grade your page by relevancy, the meta tag content compared to your page's visible content. So it is a very good idea to make your visible "first" heading the same as the meta title, and your "first informative information" the same as the meta description. Most search engines totally ignore graphic images and the Alt= line (what is read by just placing the mouse cursor on an image, no clicking). Check it out in the above mysite.gif Thus a well designed web site that can also be found in the "top 10" of at least some of the search engines requires a well designed plan before you begin any actual designing. How you plan on being found by the search engines is a good first step. Work on your Title, Description, and Keywords. After you have developed some ideas, go to the various search engines and try out your new wording with real searches. See who is already there and check their relevancy ratings, at least Infoseek will show these ratings, it will show as a percentage just below the description. You will find that running searches on well known, very common words may produce millions of links. All search engines have their own unique method for refining searches. Most are case sensitive, showing different results with different case. There is no "one" common rule. Most better search engines will provide "Help" that is worth reading if you care to use their engine. When you arrive at accepting certain words and terminology for your web site, your job is then to out design who ever is already in the "top 10". You can't get there with out knocking some one else out of a given spot. And most worthy webmasters watch this closely, as you must if you are to hold good positioning. The idea of being so serious is only a matter of preference, truly important only on a serious business web site. What really is always important is to be informed. With this in mind there is certainly nothing wrong just designing for the fun of it. There are many ways to access various search engines. Use the browser buttons or just type in the URL and press Enter. And for your information and convenience there is the next link, "one stop shopping for all the better search engines". On this page we track certain new search engines, include links to some free listing services, and provide other useful information and links. There is a link to RankThis.com who will check your placement on the major search engines, and a link to "Doctor HTML", who will check your website HTML pages for accuracy, HTML tags, spelling, dead links, and about all you need to know. Both services are free. More View Points on Effective Search Design If you want this simple (left red stripe) background image, bg.jpg, "right" click on an open area (not on any image), then "left" click on "Save Background As... , saving it to the same folder in your computer. When finished "Saving" this file and the upper mysite.gif (right click on image for menu, then left click on "Save Image As... , saving it to the same folder in your computer, go to the new folder with your browser. In the upper browser Location: box type in the path . . . c:/your new folder name, and press the Enter key (the mouse won't work). You will see this HTML file index.html. Just click (or double click) it and it will load. You now have this full instruction page on your computer and know how to find it.
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